A recent research study of undergraduate students analyzed the effects of music on human emotions. Each of the 200 participants attended at least 1 two-hour concert of classical music per week over the course of 12 weeks of their spring semester. At the end of the experiment, all of the students filled out a questionnaire assessing their emotional state. Based on the results of the questionnaires, all of the 10 students who attended the greatest number of concerts reported lower stress levels and higher satisfaction with their lives. Also, most of the 20 students who attended the fewest number of concerts reported below-average levels of emotional comfort.
Which of the following must be true based on the evidence presented above?
A. Most of the 200 participants improved their emotional state and lowered their stress levels.
B. During each week of the experiment, the participants spent at least 2 hours less on their academic work as a result of concert attendance.
C. Listening to classical music for at least 2 hours per week improves the emotional well-being of the majority of young adults.
D. More than 6 participants attended at least 14 concerts during the course of the experiment.
E. At least some of the students participated in the study in order to gain free access to classical concerts.
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1 comment:
we know that there's at least 3 groups of students:
(1) the "top 10"
(2) the "bottom 20"
(3) the rest
We know that everyone attended at least 12 2 hour concerts. So, group (2) attended at least 12. That means that group 3, who we know attended more concerts and group 2, must have attended at least 13 concerts. Therefore group 1, who attended more concerts than group 3, must have attended at least 14 concerts.
So, we can conclude that at least 10 people attended at least 14 concerts.
If at least 10 people attended at least 14 concerts, then "more than 6" people definitely attended at least 14 concerts (since 10 > 6).
Remember: the correct answer to an inference question is something that must be true based on one or more statements in the stimulus. The answer doesn't have to be the big conclusion of the argument or even the greatest conclusion possibly drawn (for example, (d) would also have been correct if it said "more than 9 ...").
A number of the other choices fall into the "could be true" category, but that's not what we're looking for in an inference question.
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